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Background  Understanding lignin biosynthesis and composition is of central importance for sustainable bioenergy and biomaterials production. Species of the genus  Miscanthus  have emerged as promising bioenergy crop due to their rapid growth and modest nutrient requirements. However, lignin polymerization in  Miscanthus  is poorly understood. It was previously shown that plant laccases are phenol oxidases that have multiple functions in plant, one of which is the polymerization of monolignols. Herein, we link a newly discovered  Miscanthus  laccase, MsLAC1, to cell wall lignification. Characterization of recombinant MsLAC1 and  Arabidopsis  transgenic plants expressing MsLAC1 were carried out to understand the function of MsLAC1 both in vitro and in vivo.    Results  Using a comprehensive suite of molecular, biochemical and histochemical analyses, we show that MsLAC1 localizes to cell walls and identify  Miscanthus  transcription factors capable of regulating  MsLAC1  expression. In addition,  MsLAC1  complements the  Arabidopsis lac4–2 lac17  mutant and recombinant MsLAC1 is able to oxidize monolignol in vitro. Transgenic  Arabidopsis  plants over-expressing  MsLAC1  show higher G-lignin content, although recombinant MsLAC1 seemed to prefer sinapyl alcohol as substrate.    Conclusions  In summary, our results suggest that  MsLAC1  is regulated by secondary cell wall MYB transcription factors and is involved in lignification of xylem fibers. This report identifies  MsLAC1  as a promising breeding target in  Miscanthus  for biofuel and biomaterial applications.

The in vivo impact of MsLAC1, a Miscanthus laccase isoform, on lignification and lignin composition contrasts with its in vitro substrate preference