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Background  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in eukaryotes. In rice,  MIR7695  expression is regulated by infection with the rice blast fungus  Magnaporthe oryzae  with subsequent down-regulation of an alternatively spliced transcript of  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 6  ( OsNramp6 ). NRAMP6 functions as an iron transporter in rice.    Results  Rice plants grown under high iron supply showed blast resistance, which supports that iron is a factor in controlling blast resistance. During pathogen infection, iron accumulated in the vicinity of  M. oryzae  appressoria, the sites of pathogen entry, and in cells surrounding infected regions of the rice leaf. Activation-tagged  MIR7695  rice plants ( MIR7695 -Ac) exhibited enhanced iron accumulation and resistance to  M. oryzae  infection. RNA-seq analysis revealed that blast resistance in  MIR7695- Ac plants was associated with strong induction of defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related and diterpenoid biosynthetic genes. Levels of phytoalexins during pathogen infection were higher in  MIR7695- Ac than wild-type plants. Early phytoalexin biosynthetic genes,  OsCPS2  and  OsCPS4 , were also highly upregulated in wild-type rice plants grown under high iron supply.    Conclusions  Our data support a positive role of miR7695 in regulating rice immunity that further underpin links between defense and iron signaling in rice. These findings provides a basis to better understand regulatory mechanisms involved in rice immunity in which miR7695 participates which has a great potential for the development of strategies to improve blast resistance in rice.

Osa-miR7695 enhances transcriptional priming in defense responses against the rice blast fungus