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Background  Resveratrol is a naturally occurring plant stilbene that exhibits a wide range of valuable biological and pharmacological properties. Although the beneficial effects of trans-resveratrol to human health and plant protection against fungal pathogens and abiotic stresses are well-established, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating stilbene biosynthesis in plant defense progress.    Results  Here, we cloned and identified the Chinese wild grape ( Vitis davidii ) R2R3-MYB transcription factor VdMYB1 ,  which activates defense responses against invading pathogen.  VdMYB1  transcripts were significantly upregulated after inoculation with the grapevine powdery mildew fungus  Erysiphe necator  (Schw.) Burr. Transient expression analysis using onion epidermal cells and  Arabidopsis thaliana  protoplasts showed that VdMYB1 was localized in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that VdMYB1 acts as a transcriptional activator. Grapevine leaves transiently overexpressing  VdMYB1  showed a lower number of fungal conidiophores compared with wild-type leaves. Overexpression of  VdMYB1  in grapevine leaves did not alter the expression of genes in salicylic acid- and jasmonate-dependent pathways, but affected the expression of stilbene synthase ( STS ) genes, key regulators of flavonoid metabolism. Results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and in vivo transcriptional activation assays showed that VdMYB1 binds to the MYB binding site (MYBBS) in the  STS2  gene promoter, thus activating  STS2  transcription. In heterologous expression assays using tobacco leaves, VdMYB1 activated  STS2  gene expression and increased the accumulation of resveratrol.    Conclusions  Our study showed that VdMYB1 activates STS2 gene expression to positively regulate defense responses, and increases the content of resveratrol in leaves.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1993-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The grapevine R2R3-type MYB transcription factor VdMYB1 positively regulates defense responses by activating the stilbene synthase gene 2 (VdSTS2)