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Background  SPL (SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like) is a class of plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in many growth and developmental processes, including shoot and inflorescence branching, embryonic development, signal transduction, leaf initiation, phase transition, and flower and fruit development. The SPL gene family has been identified and characterized in many species but has not been well studied in tartary buckwheat, which is an important edible and medicinal crop.    Results  In this study, 24  Fagopyrum tataricum SPL  ( FtSPL ) genes were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal distribution of the  FtSPL  genes. According to the amino acid sequence of the SBP domain and gene structure, the  SPL  genes were divided into eight groups (group I to group VII) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 10 motifs were detected in the tartary buckwheat  SPL  genes. The expression patterns of  23 SPL  genes in different tissues and fruits at different developmental stages (green fruit stage, discoloration stage and initial maturity stage) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).    Conclusions  The tartary buckwheat genome contained  24 SPL  genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. qRT-PCR showed that  FtSPLs  played important roles in the growth and development of tartary buckwheat, and genes that might regulate flower and fruit development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SBP-box gene family in tartary buckwheat and lays a significant foundation for further studies on the functional characteristics of  FtSPL  genes and improvement of tartary buckwheat crops.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1916-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide identification of the SPL gene family in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and expression analysis during fruit development stages