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Background  The  Growth - regulating factor  ( GRF ) family encodes plant-specific transcription factors which contain two conserved domains, QLQ and WRC. Members of this family play vital roles in plant development and stress response processes. Although  GRFs  have been identified in various plant species, we still know little about the  GRF  family in soybean ( Glycine max ).    Results  In the present study, 22  Gm  GRFs  distributed on 14 chromosomes and one scaffold were identified by searching soybean genome database and were clustered into five subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships.  GmGRFs  belonging to the same subgroup shared a similar motif composition and gene structure. Synteny analysis revealed that large-scale duplications played key roles in the expansion of the  GmGRF  family. Tissue-specific expression data showed that  GmGRFs  were strongly expressed in growing tissues, including the shoot apical meristems, developing seeds and flowers, indicating that  GmGRFs  play critical roles in plant growth and development. On the basis of expression analysis of  GmGRFs  under shade conditions, we found that all  GmGRFs  responded to shade stress. Most  GmGRFs  were down-regulated in soybean leaves after shade treatment.    Conclusions  Taken together, this research systematically analyzed the characterization of the  GmGRF  family and its primary roles in soybean development and shade stress response. Further studies of the function of the  GmGRFs  in the growth, development and stress tolerance of soybean, especially under shade stress, will be valuable.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1861-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide identification of GRF transcription factors in soybean and expression analysis of GmGRF family under shade stress