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Background  Since their discovery, vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) have consistently been investigated as programmed cell death (PCD) initiators and participants in plant development and responses to biotic or abiotic stresses, in part due to similarities with the apoptosis regulator caspase-1. However, recent studies show additional functions of VPE in tomatoes, specifically in sucrose accumulation and fruit ripening.    Results  Herein, we evaluated the functions of VPE from sweetpotato, initially in expression pattern analyses of  IbVPE1  during development and senescence. Subsequently, we identified physiological functions by overexpressing  IbVPE1  in  Arabidopsis thaliana , and showed reduced leaf sizes and numbers and early flowering, and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms.    Conclusions  The present data demonstrate functions of the VPE gene family in development and senescence and in regulation of flowering times, leaf sizes and numbers, and senescence phenotypes in  Arabidopsis thaliana .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1789-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Expression of IbVPE1 from sweet potato in Arabidopsis affects leaf development, flowering time and chlorophyll catabolism