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Background  Although the genome of Chinese white pear (‘Dangshansuli’) has been released, little is known about the functions, evolutionary history and expression patterns of  NAC  families in this species to date.    Results  In this study, we identified a total of 183  NAC  transcription factors ( TFs)  in the pear genome, among which 146 pear  NAC  ( PbNAC ) members were mapped onto 16 chromosomes, and 37  PbNAC  genes were located on scaffold contigs. No  PbNAC  genes were mapped to chromosome 2. Based on gene structure, protein motif analysis, and topology of the phylogenetic tree, the pear  PbNAC  family was classified into 33 groups. By comparing and analyzing the unique  NAC  subgroups in Rosaceae, we identified 19  NAC  subgroups specific to pear. We also found that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication played critical roles in the expansion of the  NAC  family in pear, such as the 83  PbNAC  duplicated gene pairs dated back to the two WGD events. Further, we found that purifying selection was the primary force driving the evolution of  PbNAC  family genes. Next, we used transcriptomic data to study responses to drought and cold stresses in pear, and we found that genes in groups C2f, C72b, and C100a were related to drought and cold stress response.    Conclusions  Through the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and expression analyses of the  NAC  gene family in Chinese white pear, we indentified 11  PbNAC TFs  associated with abiotic stress in pear.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1760-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide analyses and expression patterns under abiotic stress of NAC transcription factors in white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)