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Background  Genetic variation in plants alters insect abundance and community structure in the field; however, little is known about the importance of a single gene among diverse plant genotypes. In this context,  Arabidopsis  trichomes provide an excellent system to discern the roles of natural variation and a key gene,  GLABRA1 , in shaping insect communities. In this study, we transplanted two independent glabrous mutants ( gl1–1  and  gl1–2 ) and 17 natural accessions of  Arabidopsis thaliana  to two localities in Switzerland and Japan.    Results  Fifteen insect species inhabited the plant accessions, with the insect community composition significantly attributed to variations among plant accessions. The total abundance of leaf-chewing herbivores was negatively correlated with trichome density at both field sites, while glucosinolates had variable effects on leaf chewers between the sites. Interestingly, there was a parallel tendency for the abundance of leaf chewers to be higher on  gl1–1  and  gl1–2  than on their different parental accessions, L er -1 and Col-0, respectively. Furthermore, the loss of function in the  GLABRA1  gene significantly decreased the resistance of plants to the two predominant chewers; flea beetles and turnip sawflies.    Conclusions  Overall, our results indicate that insect community composition significantly varies among  A. thaliana  accessions across two distant field sites, with  GLABRA1  playing a key role in altering the abundance of leaf-chewing herbivores. Given that such a trichome variation is widely observed in Brassicaceae plants, the present study exemplifies the community-wide effect of a single plant gene on crucifer-feeding insects in the field.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1705-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Plant trichomes and a single gene GLABRA1 contribute to insect community composition on field-grown Arabidopsis thaliana