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Background  Adventitious roots (ARs) are roots that are generated from nonrooting tissues. ARs are usually produced both during normal development and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, heavy metal stress and wounding. The ability of plants to form ARs is a key trait that enables plant propagation, especially for most tree species.    Results  Here, the kinetics of AR formation in a tissue culture of a hybrid variety of poplar were investigated. AR formation mainly occurred during the first 8 days and both pre- and newly- formed primordia contributed to AR formation in poplar by histological study. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was performed for stem bases collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after excision (DAE). Based on the data, the expression patterns of 8 phytohormone-related genes were investigated, and their influences on AR formation were considered. Subsequent gene expression cluster analysis showed a number of biological processes involved in AR formation. Among these biological pathways, genes involved in H 2 O 2  homeostasis showed enrichment in one cluster that was highly upregulated from DAE0 to DAE8. Pharmacological assay confirmed that an appropriate content of H 2 O 2  in stem bases could accelerate the formation of ARs in poplar.    Conclusions  Based on the results of this study, we were able to predict a regulatory network for 7 phytohormones that are involved in poplar AR formation. The influence of H 2 O 2  on AR formation was also confirmed .  These results enhance our understanding of the regulation of AR formation in tree species.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1700-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comprehensive analysis of dynamic gene expression and investigation of the roles of hydrogen peroxide during adventitious rooting in poplar