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Background  GRAS transcription factor (TF) family is unique and numerous in higher plants with diverse functions that involving in plant growth and development processes, such as gibberellin (GA) signal transduction, root development, root nodule formation, and mycorrhiza formation. Walnut tree is exposed to various environmental stimulus that causing concern about its resistance mechanism. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of walnut to adversity response, a GRAS TF ( JrGRAS2 ) was cloned and characterized from  Juglans regia  in this study.    Results  A 1500 bp promoter fragment of  JrGRAS2  was identified from the genome of  J. regia , in which the  cis -elements were screened. This  JrGRAS2  promoter displayed expression activity that was enhanced significantly by high temperature (HT) stress. Yeast one-hybrid assay, transient expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip)-PCR analysis revealed that  JrDof3  could specifically bind to the DOFCOREZM motif and share similar expression patterns with  JrGRAS2  under HT stress. The transcription of  JrGRAS2  was induced by HT stress and up-regulated to 6.73-~11.96-fold in the leaf and 2.53-~4.50-fold in the root to control, respectively.  JrGRAS2  was overexpressed in  Arabidopsis , three lines with much high expression level of  JrGRAS2  (S3, S7, and S8) were selected for HT stress tolerance analysis. Compared to the wild type (WT)  Arabidopsis , S3, S7, and S8 exhibited enhanced seed germination rate, fresh weight accumulation, and activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) under HT stress. In contrast, the Evans blue staining, electrolyte leakage (EL) rates, hydrogen dioxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of transgenic seedlings were all lower than those of WT exposed to HT stress. Furthermore, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in S3, S7, and S8 was significant higher than those in WT plants. The similar results were obtained in  JrGRAS2  transient overexpression walnut lines under normal and HT stress conditions.    Conclusions  Our results suggested that JrDof3 TF contributes to improve the HT stress response of  JrGRAS2 , which could effectively control the expression of  HSP s to enhance HT stress tolerance.  JrGRAS2  is an useful candidate gene for heat response in plant molecular breeding.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1568-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

The walnut transcription factor JrGRAS2 contributes to high temperature stress tolerance involving in Dof transcriptional regulation and HSP protein expression