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Background  Comparative analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes have shown that organelle genomes in bryophytes evolve slowly. However, in contrast to seed plants, the organellar genomes are yet poorly explored in bryophytes, especially among liverworts. Discovering another organellar genomes of liverwort species by sequencing provides new conclusions on evolution of bryophytes.    Results  In this work, the organellar genomes of  Gymnomitrion concinnatum  liverwort were sequenced, assembled and annotated for the first time. The chloroplast genome displays, typical for most plants, quadripartite structure containing large single copy region (81,701 bp), two inverted repeat regions (8704 bp each) and small single copy region (20,179 bp). The gene order and content of chloroplast are very similar to other liverworts with minor differences observed. A total number of 739 and 222 RNA editing sites were predicted in chloroplast and mitochondrial genes of  G. concinnatum . The mitochondrial genome gene content is also in accordance with liverworts except few alterations such as: intron loss in  cox1  and  atp1  genes. Nonetheless the analysis revealed that  G. concinnatum  mitogenome structure and gene order are rearranged in comparison with other mitogenomes of liverworts. The causes underlying such mitogenomic rearrangement were investigated and the probable model of recombination was proposed.    Conclusions  This study provide the overview of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome structure and gene order diversity of  Gymnomitrion concinnatum  against the background of known organellar genomes of liverworts. The obtained results cast doubt on the idea that mitogenome structure of early land plants is highly conserved as previous studies suggested. In fact is the very first case of recombination within, evolutionary stable, mitogenomes of liverworts.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1558-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

Sequencing of organellar genomes of Gymnomitrion concinnatum (Jungermanniales) revealed the first exception in the structure and gene order of evolutionary stable liverworts mitogenomes