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Background  The PII proteins constitute a large superfamily, present in all domains of life. Until now, PII proteins research in Chloroplastida (green algae and land plants) has mainly focused on post-translation regulation of these signal transductors. Emerging evidence suggests that PII level is tightly controlled with regard to the nitrogen source and the physiological state of cells.    Result  Here we identify that a balance of positive (nitrate and nitrite) and negative (nitric oxide) signals regulates  Chlamydomonas GLB1 . We found that PII expression is downregulated by ammonium through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. We show that nitrate reductase (NR) and its partner, truncated hemoglobin 1 (THB1), participate in a signaling pathway for dual control of  GLB1  expression. Moreover, NO dependent guanilate cyclase appeared to be involved in the negative control of  GLB1  transcription.    Conclusion  This study has revealed the existence of the complex  GLB1  control at transcription level, which is dependent on nitrogen source. Importantly, we found that  GLB1  gene expression pattern is very similar to that observed for nitrate assimilation genes, suggesting interconnecting/coordinating PII-dependent and nitrate assimilation pathways.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1540-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

Dual positive and negative control of Chlamydomonas PII signal transduction protein expression by nitrate/nitrite and NO via the components of nitric oxide cycle