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Background  Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plants. Despite the importance of nitrogen for plant growth and agricultural productivity, signal transduction pathways in response to nitrate starvation have not been fully elucidated in plants.    Results  Gene expression analysis and ectopic expression were used to discover that many CC-type glutaredoxins ( ROXYs ) are differentially expressed in response to nitrate deprivation. A gain-of-function approach showed that  ROXYs  may play a role in nutrient sensing through the regulation of chlorophyll content, root hair growth, and transcription of nitrate-related genes such as  NRT2.1  under low or high nitrate conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced in plant roots under nitrate starvation and H 2 O 2  treatment differentially regulated the expression of the  ROXYs,  suggesting the involvement of ROS in signaling pathways under nitrate deficiency.    Conclusion  This work adds to what is known about nitrogen sensing and signaling through the findings that the ROXYs and ROS are likely to be involved in the nitrate deprivation signaling pathway.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1512-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

CC-type glutaredoxins mediate plant response and signaling under nitrate starvation in Arabidopsis