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Background   Brassica napus (B. napus)  encompasses diverse transcription factors (TFs), but thorough identification and characterization of TF families, as well as their transcriptional responsiveness to multifarious stresses are still not clear.    Results  Totally 2167 TFs belonging to five families were genome-widely identified in  B. napus , including 518 BnAP2/EREBPs, 252 BnbZIPs, 721 BnMYBs, 398 BnNACs and 278 BnWRKYs, which contained some novel members in comparison with existing results. Sub-genome distributions of BnAP2/EREBPs and BnMYBs indicated that the two families might have suffered from duplication and divergence during evolution. Synteny analysis revealed strong co-linearity between  B. napus  and its two ancestors, although chromosomal rearrangements have occurred and 85 TFs were lost. About 7.6% and 9.4% TFs of the five families in  B. napus  were novel genes and conserved genes, which both showed preference on the C sub-genome. RNA-Seq revealed that more than 80% TFs were abiotic stress inducible and 315 crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Network analysis revealed that the 315 DEGs are highly co-expressed. The homologous gene network in A. thaliana revealed that a considerable amount of TFs could trigger the differential expression of targeted genes, resulting in a complex clustered network with clusters of genes responsible for targeted stress responsiveness.    Conclusions  We identified and characterized five TF families in  B. napus . Some crucial members and regulatory networks involved in different abiotic stresses have been explored. The investigations deepen our understanding of TFs for stress tolerance in  B. napus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1417-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Exploring transcription factors reveals crucial members and regulatory networks involved in different abiotic stresses in Brassica napus L.