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Background  MADS-box genes are key regulators of plant reproductive development and members of most lineages of this gene family have been extensively studied. However, the function and diversification of the ancient  TM8  lineage remains elusive to date. The available data suggest a possible function in flower development in tomato and fast evolution through numerous gene loss events in flowering plants.    Results  We show the broad conservation of  TM8  within angiosperms and find that in contrast to other MADS-box gene lineages, no gene duplicates have been retained after major whole genome duplication events. Through knock-down of  NbTM8  by virus induced gene silencing in  Nicotiana benthamiana , we show that  NbTM8  represses  miR172  together with another MADS-box gene,  SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE  ( NbSVP ). In the closely related species  Petunia hybrida ,  PhTM8  is not expressed under the conditions we investigated and consistent with this, a knock-out mutant did not show a phenotype. Finally, we generated transgenic tomato plants in which  TM8  was silenced or ectopically expressed, but these plants did not display a clear phenotype. Therefore, no clear function could be confirmed for  Solanum lycopersium .    Conclusions  While the presence of  TM8  is generally conserved, it remains difficult to propose a general function in angiosperms. Based on all the available data to date, supplemented with our own results,  TM8  function seems to have diversified quickly throughout angiosperms and acts as repressor of  miR172  in  Nicotiana benthamiana , together with  NbSVP .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1349-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

TM8 represses developmental timing in Nicotiana benthamiana and has functionally diversified in angiosperms