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Background  Non-essential trance metal such as cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants. Although some plants have developed elaborate strategies to deal with absorbed Cd through multiple pathways, the regulatory mechanisms behind the Cd tolerance are not fully understood. Ferrochelatase-1 (FC1, EC4.99.1.1) is the terminal enzyme of heme biosynthesis, catalyzing insertion of ferrous ion into protoporphyrin IX. Recent studies have shown that  FC1  is involved in several physiological processes. However, its biological function associated with plant abiotic stress response is poorly understood.    Results  In this study, we showed that  AtFC1  was transcriptionally activated by Cd exposure.  AtFC1  overexpression ( 35S::FC1 ) lines accumulated more Cd and non-protein thiol compounds than wild-type, and conferred plant tolerance to Cd stress, with improved primary root elongation, biomass and chlorophyll (Chl) content, and low degree of oxidation associated with reduced H 2 O 2 , O ·2-  and peroxides. In contrast, the  AtFC1  loss of functional mutant  fc1  showed sensitivity to Cd stress. Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of  fc1  mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g.  GSH1 ,  GSH2 ,  PCS1 , and  PCS2 ). To investigate the mechanism leading to the  AtFC1  regulating Cd stress response in Arabidopsis, a transcriptome of  fc1  mutant plants under Cd stress was profiled. Our data showed that disfunction of  AtFC1  led to 913 genes specifically up-regulated and 522 genes down-regulated in  fc1  mutants exposed to Cd. Some of the genes are involved in metal transporters, Cd-induced oxidative stress response, and detoxification.    Conclusion  These results indicate that  AtFC1  would act as a positive regulator of plant tolerance to Cd stress. Our study will broaden our understanding of the role of  FC1  in mediating plant response to Cd stress and provide a basis for further exploration of its downstream genes.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1141-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A cadmium stress-responsive gene AtFC1 confers plant tolerance to cadmium toxicity