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Background  Cucumber downy mildew, caused by  P. cubensis , is an important leaf disease that can severely affect cucumber production. In recent years, cucumber target spot, caused by  C. cassiicola , has been reported in both Asia and Europe and is now considered as a major disease disrupting cucumber production. Single-disease-resistant cucumber varieties have been unable to satisfy production needs.  To explore the molecular mechanisms of cucumber resistance to these two diseases, cucumber cultivars D9320 (resistant to downy mildew and target spot) and D0401 (susceptible to downy mildew and target spot) were used as experimental materials in this study. We used transcriptome sequencing technology to identify genes related to disease resistance and verified using transgenic technology.    Results  We screened out the cucumber resistance-related gene  CsERF004  using transcriptome sequencing technology. Induction by pathogens, salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) resulted in the up-regulation of  CsERF004 . Three treatments, namely, inoculation with  C. cassiicola  alone, inoculation with  P. cubensis  alone, and simultaneous inoculation with both pathogens, all resulted in the significant and sustained up-regulation of  CsERF004  in the resistant cultivar D9320, during the early stage of infection. In the susceptible cultivar D0401,  CsERF004  expression was also significantly up-regulated at the later stage of infection but to a lesser extent and for a shorter duration than in the resistant cultivar D9320. The  CsERF004  gene encodes a protein localizes to the nucleus. The over-expression of  CsERF004  in the susceptible cultivar D0401 resulted in the significant up-regulation of the  CsPR1  and  CsPR4  genes and increased the levels of SA and ET, which enhanced the resistance of cucumber to downy mildew and target spot.    Conclusions  Analyses of the  CsERF004  expression pattern in disease-resistant and susceptible cucumber cultivars and transgenic validation indicate that  CsERF004  confers resistance to  P. cubensis  and  C. cassiicola . The findings of this study can help to better understanding of mechanisms of response to pathogens and in establishment the genetic basis for the development of cucumber broad-spectrum resistant cultivars.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1049-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

Expression and functional analysis of the transcription factor-encoding Gene CsERF004 in cucumber during Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Corynespora cassiicola infection