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Background  For most cruciferous plants, which are known as important crops and a number of weeds, hybrid breeding is hampered by the unavailability of a pollination control system. Male sterility induced by a gametocide can be useful for the utilization of plant heterosis.    Results  The gametocidal effect of sulfonylurea herbicide tribenuron-methyl was tested across seventeen cruciferous species or subspecies including  Brassica juncea, B. carinata, B. oleracea  ssp.  capitata ,  B. oleracea  ssp.  acephala ,  B. rapa  ssp.  pekinensis, B. rapa  ssp.  chinensis, B. rapa  ssp.  parachinensis ,  B. nigra ,  Orychophragmus violaceus ,  Matthiola incana, Raphanus sativa ,  Sisymbrium altissimum ,  Eruca sativa ,  Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris  and  Camelina sativa . The plants of 23 cultivars in these species or subspecies were foliar sprayed with 10 ml of 0.2 or 0.4 mg/L of tribenuron-methyl before the vacuolated microspore formed in the largest flower buds; the application was repeated ten to twelve days afterwards. Tribenuron-methyl exposure significantly changed the flowering phenology and reproductive function. The treated plants demonstrated a one to four day delay in flowering time and a shortened duration of flowering, as well as other slight phytotoxic effects including a reduction in plant height and floral organ size. Approximately 80% to 100% male sterility, which was estimated by both pollen staining and selfing seed-set rate, was induced in the plants. As a result, plants were rendered functionally able to out-cross, with an average 87% and 54% manually pollinated seed-set rate compared to the corresponding controls at the 0.2 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L doses, respectively.    Conclusions  The results suggested that male reproductive function was much more sensitive to tribenuron-methyl exposure than female function. This sulfonylurea herbicide has a promising use as the gametocide for hybrid production in cruciferous plants.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1019-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Exposure to trace amounts of sulfonylurea herbicide tribenuron-methyl causes male sterility in 17 species or subspecies of cruciferous plants