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Background  BP178 peptide is a synthetic BP100-magainin derivative possessing strong inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic bacteria, offering a great potential for future applications in plant protection and other fields. Here we report the production and recovery of a bioactive BP178 peptide using rice seeds as biofactories.    Results  A synthetic gene encoding the BP178 peptide was prepared and introduced in rice plants. The gene was efficiently expressed in transgenic rice under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter. Among the three endosperm-specific rice promoters ( Glutelin B1 ,  Glutelin B4  or  Globulin 1 ), best results were obtained when using the  Globulin 1  promoter. The BP178 peptide accumulated in the seed endosperm and was easily recovered from rice seeds using a simple procedure with a yield of 21 μg/g. The transgene was stably inherited for at least three generations, and peptide accumulation remained stable during long term storage of transgenic seeds. The purified peptide showed in vitro activity against the bacterial plant pathogen  Dickeya  sp., the causal agent of the dark brown sheath rot of rice. Seedlings of transgenic events showed enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen  Fusarium verticillioides , supporting that the  in planta  produced peptide was biologically active.    Conclusions  The strategy developed in this work for the sustainable production of BP178 peptide using rice seeds as biofactories represents a promising system for future production of peptides for plant protection and possibly in other fields.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1011-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Production of BP178, a derivative of the synthetic antibacterial peptide BP100, in the rice seed endosperm