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Background  The induction of alcohol fermentation in roots is a plant adaptive response to flooding stress and oxygen deprivation. Available transcriptomic data suggest that fermentation-related genes are also frequently induced in roots infected with gall forming pathogens, but the biological significance of this induction is unclear. In this study, we addressed the role of hypoxia responses in Arabidopsis roots during infection by the clubroot agent  Plasmodiophora brassicae .    Results  The hypoxia-related gene markers  PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE 1  ( PDC1) ,  PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE 2  ( PDC2)  and  ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 1  ( ADH1)  were induced during secondary infection by two isolates of  P. brassicae , eH and e2.  PDC2  was highly induced as soon as 7 days post inoculation (dpi), i.e., before the development of gall symptoms, and GUS staining revealed that  ADH1  induction was localised in infected cortical cells of root galls at 21 dpi. Clubroot symptoms were significantly milder in the  pdc1  and  pdc2  mutants compared with Col-0, but a null T-DNA insertional mutation of  ADH1  did not affect clubroot susceptibility. The Arg/N-end rule pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis controls oxygen sensing in plants. Mutants of components of this pathway,  ate1 ate2  and  prt6 , that both exhibit constitutive hypoxia responses, showed enhanced clubroot symptoms. In contrast, gall development was reduced in quintuple and sextuple mutants where the activity of all oxygen-sensing Group VII Ethylene Response Factor transcription factors (ERFVIIs) is absent ( erfVII  and  prt6 erfVII ).    Conclusions  Our data demonstrate that the induction of  PDC1  and  PDC2  during the secondary infection of roots by  P. brassicae  contributes positively to clubroot development, and that this is controlled by oxygen-sensing through ERFVIIs. The absence of any major role of  ADH1  in symptom development may also suggest that PDC activity could contribute to the formation of galls through the activation of a PDH bypass.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0941-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hypoxia response in Arabidopsis roots infected by Plasmodiophora brassicae supports the development of clubroot