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Background  Plants have evolved complex coordinated regulatory networks to cope with deficiency of phosphate (Pi) in their growth environment; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms that regulate Pi sensing and signaling pathways are not fully understood yet. We report here that the involvement of Arabidopsis BIK1, a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like protein kinase that plays critical role in immunity, in Pi starvation response.    Results  qRT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of  BIK1  was induced by Pi starvation and GUS staining indicated that the  BIK1  promoter activity was detected in root, stem and leaf tissues of plants grown in Pi starvation condition, demonstrating that  BIK1  is responsive to Pi starvation stress. The  bik1  plants accumulated higher Pi content in root and leaf tissues and exhibited altered root architecture such as shorter primary roots, longer and more root hairs and lateral roots, as compared with those in the wild type plants, when grown under Pi sufficient and deficient conditions. Increased anthocyanin content and acid phosphatase activity, reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulated expression of Pi starvation-induced genes including  PHR1 ,  WRKY75 ,  AT4 ,  PHT1;2  and  PHT1;4  were observed in  bik1  plants grown under Pi deficient condition. Furthermore, the expression of  PHO2  was downregulated while the expression of  miRNA399a  and  miRNA399d , which target to  PHO2 , was upregulated in  bik1  plants, compared to the wild type plants, when grown under Pi deficient condition.    Conclusion  Our results demonstrate that  BIK1  is a Pi starvation-responsive gene that functions as a negative regulator of Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

bmc plant biology

BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1, a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like protein kinase, is a negative regulator of phosphate homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana