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Background  Dwarfism is one of the most valuable traits in banana breeding because semi-dwarf cultivars show good resistance to damage by wind and rain. Moreover, these cultivars present advantages of convenient cultivation, management, and so on. We obtained a dwarf mutant ‘8818-1’ through EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) mutagenesis of Williams banana 8818 ( Musa  spp. AAA group). Our research have shown that gibberellins (GAs) content in 8818-1 false stems was significantly lower than that in its parent 8818 and the dwarf type of 8818-1 could be restored by application of exogenous GA 3 . Although GA exerts important impacts on the 8818-1 dwarf type, our understanding of the regulation of GA metabolism during banana dwarf mutant development remains limited.    Results  Genome-wide screening revealed 36 candidate GA metabolism genes were systematically identified for the first time; these genes included 3  MaCPS , 2  MaKS , 1  MaKO , 2  MaKAO , 10  MaGA20ox , 4  MaGA3ox , and 14  MaGA2ox  genes. Phylogenetic tree and conserved protein domain analyses showed sequence conservation and divergence. GA metabolism genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. Early GA biosynthesis genes were constitutively expressed but presented differential regulation in different tissues in Williams banana. GA oxidase family genes were mainly transcribed in young fruits, thus suggesting that young fruits were the most active tissue involved in GA metabolism, followed by leaves, bracts, and finally approximately mature fruits. Expression patterns between 8818 and 8818-1 revealed that  MaGA20ox4 ,  MaGA20ox5 , and  MaGA20ox7  of the  MaGA20ox  gene family and  MaGA2ox7 ,  MaGA2ox12 , and  MaGA2ox14  of the  MaGA2ox  gene family exhibited significant differential expression and high-expression levels in false stems. These genes are likely to be responsible for the regulation of GAs content in 8818-1 false stems.    Conclusion  Overall, phylogenetic evolution, tissue specificity and differential expression analyses of GA metabolism genes can provide a better understanding of GA-regulated development in banana. The present results revealed that  MaGA20ox4 ,  MaGA20ox5 ,  MaGA20ox7 ,  MaGA2ox7 ,  MaGA2ox12 , and  MaGA2ox14  were the main genes regulating GA content difference between 8818 and 8818-1. All of these genes may perform important functions in the developmental processes of banana, but each gene may perform different functions in different tissues or during different developmental stages.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0809-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling reveal tissue-specific expression and differentially-regulated genes involved in gibberellin metabolism between Williams banana and its dwarf mutant