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Background  Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) constitute the largest subfamily of receptor-like kinases in plant. A number of reports have demonstrated that plant  LRR-RLKs  play important roles in growth, development, differentiation, and stress responses. However, no comprehensive analysis of this gene family has been carried out in legume species.    Results  Based on the principles of sequence similarity and domain conservation, a total of 467  LRR-RLK  genes were identified in soybean genome. The  GmLRR-RLKs  are non-randomly distributed across all 20 chromosomes of soybean and about 73.3 % of them are located in segmental duplicated regions. The analysis of synonymous substitutions for putative paralogous gene pairs indicated that most of these gene pairs resulted from segmental duplications in soybean genome. Furthermore, the exon/intron organization, motif composition and arrangements were considerably conserved among members of the same groups or subgroups in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The close phylogenetic relationship between soybean  LRR-RLK  genes with identified  Arabidopsis  genes in the same group also provided insight into their putative functions. Expression profiling analysis of  GmLRR-RLKs  suggested that they appeared to be differentially expressed among different tissues and some of duplicated genes exhibited divergent expression patterns. In addition, artificial selected  GmLRR-RLKs  were also identified by comparing the SNPs between wild and cultivated soybeans and 17 genes were detected in regions previously reported to contain domestication-related QTLs.    Conclusions  Comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of soybean  LRR-RLK  gene family was performed at whole genome level. The data provides valuable tools in future efforts to identify functional divergence of this gene family and gene diversity among different genotypes in legume species.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0744-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase genes in soybean