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Background  Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins belong to a unique group of calcium sensors in plant that decode the Ca 2+  signature by interacting with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Although CBL-CIPK complexes have been shown to play important roles in the responses to various stresses in plants, little is known about their functions in wheat.    Results  A total of seven  TaCBL  and 20  TaCIPK  genes were amplified from bread wheat,  Triticum aestivum  cv. Chinese Spring. Reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and  in silico  expression analyses showed that  TaCBL  and  TaCIPK  genes were expressed at different levels in different tissues, or maintained at nearly constant expression levels during the whole life cycle of the wheat plant. Some  TaCBL  and  TaCIPK  genes showed up- or down-regulated expressions during seed germination. Preferential interactions between TaCBLs and TaCIPKs were observed in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. Analyses of a deletion series of TaCIPK proteins with amino acid variations at the C-terminus provided new insights into the specificity of the interactions between TaCIPKs and TaCBLs, and indicated that the TaCBL–TaCIPK signaling pathway is very complex in wheat because of its hexaploid genome. The expressions of many  TaCBLs  and  TaCIPKs  were responsive to abiotic stresses (salt, cold, and simulated drought) and abscisic acid treatment. Transgenic  Arabidopsis  plants overexpressing  TaCIPK24  exhibited improved salt tolerance through increased Na +  efflux and an enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity.    Conclusions  These results contribute to our understanding of the functions of CBL-CIPK complexes and provide the basis for selecting appropriate genes for in-depth functional studies of  CBL – CIPK  in wheat.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0657-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Identification and comprehensive analyses of the CBL and CIPK gene families in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)