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Background  SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification of eukaryotic proteins that involves the reversible conjugation of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) polypeptide to its specific protein substrates, thereby regulating numerous complex cellular processes. The PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription [STAT]) and SIZ (scaffold attachment factor A/B/acinus/PIAS [SAP] and MIZ) proteins are SUMO E3 ligases that modulate SUMO conjugation. The characteristic features and SUMOylation mechanisms of SIZ1 protein in monocotyledon are poorly understood. Here, we examined the functions of a homolog of  Arabidopsis  SIZ1, a functional SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from  Dendrobium .    Results  In  Dendrobium , the predicted DnSIZ1 protein has domains that are highly conserved among SIZ/PIAS-type proteins. DnSIZ1 is widely expressed in  Dendrobium  organs and has a up-regulated trend by treatment with cold, high temperature and wounding. The DnSIZ1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows SUMO E3 ligase activity when expressed in an  Escherichia coli  reconstitution system. Moreover, ectopic expression of DnSIZ1 in the  Arabidopsis siz1-2  mutant partially complements several phenotypes and results in enhanced levels of SUMO conjugates in plants exposed to heat shock conditions. We observed that DnSIZ1 acts as a negative regulator of flowering transition which may be via a vernalization-induced pathway. In addition, ABA-hypersensitivity of  siz1-2  seed germination can be partially suppressed by DnSIZ1.    Conclusions  Our results suggest that DnSIZ1 is a functional homolog of the  Arabidopsis  SIZ1 with SUMO E3 ligase activity and may play an important role in the regulation of  Dendrobium  stress responses, flowering and development.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0613-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Functional characterization of DnSIZ1, a SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from Dendrobium