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Background  Currently,  Tectona grandis  is one of the most valuable trees in the world and no transcript dataset related to secondary xylem is available. Considering how important the secondary xylem and sapwood transition from young to mature trees is, little is known about the expression differences between those successional processes and which transcription factors could regulate lignin biosynthesis in this tropical tree. Although  MYB  transcription factors are one of the largest superfamilies in plants related to secondary metabolism, it has not yet been characterized in teak. These results will open new perspectives for studies of diversity, ecology, breeding and genomic programs aiming to understand deeply the biology of this species.    Results  We present a widely expressed gene catalog for  T. grandis  using Illumina technology and the de novo assembly. A total of 462,260 transcripts were obtained, with 1,502 and 931 genes differentially expressed for stem and branch secondary xylem, respectively, during age transition. Analysis of stem and branch secondary xylem indicates substantial similarity in gene ontologies including carbohydrate enzymes, response to stress, protein binding, and allowed us to find transcription factors and heat-shock proteins differentially expressed. TgMYB1 displays a MYB domain and a predicted coiled-coil (CC) domain, while TgMYB2, TgMYB3 and TgMYB4 showed R2R3-MYB domain and grouped with MYBs from several gymnosperms and flowering plants.  TgMYB1 ,  TgMYB4  and  TgCES  presented higher expression in mature secondary xylem, in contrast with  TgMYB2, TgHsp1, TgHsp2, TgHsp3,  and  TgBi  whose expression is higher in young lignified tissues.  TgMYB3  is expressed at lower level in secondary xylem.    Conclusions  Expression patterns of  MYB  transcription factors and heat-shock proteins in lignified tissues are dissimilar when tree development was evaluated, obtaining more expression of  TgMYB1  and  TgMYB4  in lignified tissues of 60-year-old trees, and more expression in  TgHsp1, TgHsp2, TgHsp3  and  TgBi  in stem secondary xylem of 12-year-old trees. We are opening a door for further functional characterization by reverse genetics and marker-assisted selection with those genes. Investigation of some of the key regulators of lignin biosynthesis in teak, however, could be a valuable step towards understanding how rigidity of teak wood and extractives content are different from most other woods. The obtained transcriptome data represents new sequences of  T. grandis  deposited in public databases, representing an unprecedented opportunity to discover several related-genes associated with secondary xylem such as transcription factors and stress-related genes in a tropical tree.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0599-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Large-scale transcriptional profiling of lignified tissues in Tectona grandis