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Background  The  DA1  gene family is plant-specific and  Arabidopsis DA1  regulates seed and organ size, but the functions in soybeans are unknown. The cultivated soybean ( Glycine max ) is believed to be domesticated from the annual wild soybeans ( Glycine soja ). To evaluate whether  DA1- like genes were involved in the evolution of soybeans, we compared variation at both sequence and expression levels of  DA1 -like genes from  G. max  ( GmaDA1 ) and  G. soja  ( GsoDA1 ).    Results  Sequence identities were extremely high between the orthologous pairs between soybeans, while the paralogous copies in a soybean species showed a relatively high divergence. Moreover, the expression variation of  DA1 -like paralogous genes in soybean was much greater than the orthologous gene pairs between the wild and cultivated soybeans during development and challenging abiotic stresses such as salinity. We further found that overexpressing  GsoDA1  genes did not affect seed size. Nevertheless, overexpressing them reduced transgenic  Arabidopsis  seed germination sensitivity to salt stress. Moreover, most of these genes could improve salt tolerance of the transgenic  Arabidopsis  plants, corroborated by a detection of expression variation of several key genes in the salt-tolerance pathways.    Conclusions  Our work suggested that expression diversification of  DA1 -like genes is functionally associated with adaptive radiation of soybeans, reinforcing that the plant-specific  DA1  gene family might have contributed to the successful adaption to complex environments and radiation of the plants.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0519-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Sequence and expression variations suggest an adaptive role for the DA1-like gene family in the evolution of soybeans