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Background  Switchgrass rust, caused by  Puccinia emaculata , is an important disease of switchgrass, a potential biofuel crop in the United States. In severe cases, switchgrass rust has the potential to significantly affect biomass yield. In an effort to identify novel sources of resistance against switchgrass rust, we explored nonhost resistance against  P. emaculata  by characterizing its interactions with six monocot nonhost plant species. We also studied the genetic variations for resistance among  Brachypodium  inbred accessions and the involvement of various defense pathways in nonhost resistance of  Brachypodium .    Results  We characterized  P. emaculata  interactions with six monocot nonhost species and identified  Brachypodium distachyon  (Bd21) as a suitable nonhost model to study switchgrass rust. Interestingly, screening of  Brachypodium  accessions identified natural variations in resistance to switchgrass rust.  Brachypodium  inbred accessions Bd3-1 and Bd30-1 were identified as most and least resistant to switchgrass rust, respectively, when compared to tested accessions. Transcript profiling of defense-related genes indicated that the genes which were induced in Bd21after  P. emaculata  inoculation also had higher basal transcript abundance in Bd3-1 when compared to Bd30-1 and Bd21 indicating their potential involvement in nonhost resistance against switchgrass rust.    Conclusion  In the present study, we identified  Brachypodium  as a suitable nonhost model to study switchgrass rust which exhibit type I nonhost resistance. Variations in resistance response were also observed among tested  Brachypodium  accessions.  Brachypodium  nonhost resistance against  P. emaculata  may involve various defense pathways as indicated by transcript profiling of defense related genes. Overall, this study provides a new avenue to utilize novel sources of nonhost resistance in  Brachypodium  against switchgrass rust.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0502-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization of Brachypodium distachyon as a nonhost model against switchgrass rust pathogen Puccinia emaculata