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Background  In order to clarify the origin of spring growth habit in modern domesticated wheat, allelic variability of the  VRN-1  gene was investigated in a wide set of accessions of the wild tetraploid species  Triticum dicoccoides  (BBAA), together with diploid species  T. monococcum ,  T. boeoticum  and  T. urartu , presumable donors of the A genome to polyploid wheats .Results  No significant variation was found at the  VRN-B1  locus of  T. dicoccoides , whereas at  VRN-A1  a number of previously described alleles were found with small deletions in the promoter ( VRN-A1b ,  VRN-A1d ) or a large deletion in the first (1 st ) intron ( VRN-A1L ). The diploid A genome species were characterized by their own set of  VRN-1  alleles including previously described  VRN-A1f  and  VRN-A1h  alleles with deletions in the promoter region and the  VRN-A1ins  allele containing a 0.5 kb insertion in the 1 st  intron. Based on the CAPS screening data, alleles  VRN-A1f  and  VRN-A1ins  were species-specific for  T. monococcum , while allele  VRN-A1h  was specific for  T. boeoticum . Different indels were revealed in both the promoter and 1 st  intron of the recessive  VRN-A1u  allele providing specific identification of  T. urartu , the proposed donor of the A genome to modern wheat. We found that alleles  VRN-A1b  and  VRN-A1h , previously described as dominant, have either no or weak association with spring growth habit, while in some diploid accessions this habit was associated with the recessive  VRN-A1  allele.    Conclusions  Spring growth habit in diploid wheats was only partially associated with indels in regulatory regions of the  VRN-1  gene. An exception is  T. monococcum  where dominant mutations in both the promoter region and, especially, the 1 st  intron were selected during domestication resulting in a greater variety of spring forms. The wild tetraploid  T. dicoccoides  had a distinct set of  VRN-A1  alleles compared to the diploids in this study, indicating an independent origin of spring tetraploid forms that likely occurred after combining of diploid genomes. These alleles were subsequently inherited by cultivated polyploid (tetraploid and hexaploid) descendants.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0473-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

VRN-1 gene- associated prerequisites of spring growth habit in wild tetraploid wheat T. dicoccoides and the diploid A genome species