English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Autophagy-related ATG6 proteins are pleiotropic proteins functioning in autophagy and the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-signaling pathways.  Arabidopsis  ATG6 regulates normal plant growth, pollen development and germination, and plant responses to biotic/abiotic stresses. However, the ATG6 functions in wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.), an important food crop, are lacking.    Results  We identified three members,  TaATG6a - 6c , of the  ATG6  family from common wheat.  TaATG6a ,  6b  and  6c  were localized on homeologous chromosomes 3DL, 3BL and 3AL, respectively, of the allo-hexaploid wheat genome, and evidence was provided for their essential role in autophagy. The TaATG6a-GFP fusion protein was found in punctate pre-autophagosomal structures. The expression of each  TaATG6  gene restored the accumulation of autophagic bodies in  atg6 -mutant yeast. Additionally,  TaATG6  knockdown plants showed impaired constitutive and pathogen-induced autophagy and growth abnormalities under normal conditions. We also examined the expression patterns of wheat  ATG6 s for clues to their physiological roles, and found that their expression was induced by the fungus  Blumeria graminis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Bgt ), the causal agent of powdery mildew, and by abiotic stress factors. A role for TaATG6s in wheat immunity to powdery mildew was further implied when knockdowns of  TaATG6 s weakly compromised the broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene  Pm21 -triggered resistance response and, conversely and significantly, enhanced the basal resistance of susceptible plants. In addition, leaf cell death was sometimes induced by growth-retarded small  Bgt  mycelia on susceptible  TaATG6  knockdown plants after a long period of interaction. Thus, we provide an important extension of the previous characterization of plant ATG6 genes in wheat, and observed a role for autophagy genes in wheat immune responses to fungal pathogens.    Conclusions  Three wheat ATG6s were identified and shown to be essential for autophagy biogenesis. Wheat ATG6s are implicated in immunity to powdery mildew, playing a weak, positive role in the  Pm21 -triggered resistance response and a negative role in the basal resistance of susceptible plants.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0472-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Wheat homologs of yeast ATG6 function in autophagy and are implicated in powdery mildew immunity