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Background  During wheat senescence, leaf components are degraded in a coordinated manner, releasing amino acids and micronutrients which are subsequently transported to the developing grain. We have previously shown that the simultaneous downregulation of  Grain Protein Content  ( GPC ) transcription factors,  GPC1  and  GPC2 , greatly delays senescence and disrupts nutrient remobilization, and therefore provide a valuable entry point to identify genes involved in micronutrient transport to the wheat grain.    Results  We generated loss-of-function mutations for  GPC1  and  GPC2  in tetraploid wheat and showed in field trials that  gpc1  mutants exhibit significant delays in senescence and reductions in grain Zn and Fe content, but that mutations in  GPC2  had no significant effect on these traits. An RNA-seq study of these mutants at different time points showed a larger proportion of senescence-regulated genes among the  GPC1  (64%) than among the  GPC2  (37%) regulated genes. Combined, the two  GPC  genes regulate a subset (21.2%) of the senescence-regulated genes, 76.1% of which are upregulated at 12 days after anthesis, before the appearance of any visible signs of senescence. Taken together, these results demonstrate that  GPC1  is a key regulator of nutrient remobilization which acts predominantly during the early stages of senescence. Genes upregulated at this stage include transporters from the  ZIP  and  YSL  gene families, which facilitate Zn and Fe export from the cytoplasm to the phloem, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of chelators that facilitate the phloem-based transport of these nutrients to the grains.    Conclusions  This study provides an overview of the transport mechanisms activated in the wheat flag leaf during monocarpic senescence. It also identifies promising targets to improve nutrient remobilization to the wheat grain, which can help mitigate Zn and Fe deficiencies that afflict many regions of the developing world.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0368-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Regulation of Zn and Fe transporters by the GPC1gene during early wheat monocarpic senescence