English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  In the co-evolution between insects and plants, the establishment of floral monosymmetry was an important step in angiosperm development as it facilitated the interaction with insect pollinators and, by that, likely enhanced angiosperm diversification. In  Antirrhinum majus , the  TCP  transcription factor  CYCLOIDEA  is the molecular key regulator driving the formation of floral monosymmetry. Although most Brassicaceae form a polysymmetric corolla, six genera develop monosymmetric flowers with two petal pairs of unequal size. In the monosymmetric crucifer  Iberis amara,  formation of the different petal pairs coincides with a stronger expression of the  CYC -homolog  IaTCP1  in the small, adaxial petals.    Results  In this study, RNA-Seq was employed to reconstruct the petal transcriptome of the non-model species  Iberis amara . About 9 Gb of sequence data was generated, processed and re-assembled into 18,139 likely  Iberis  unigenes, from which 15,983 showed high sequence homology to  Arabidopsis  proteins. The transcriptome gives detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms governing late petal development. In addition, it was used as a scaffold to detect genes differentially expressed between the small, adaxial and the large, abaxial petals in order to understand the molecular mechanisms driving unequal petal growth. Far more genes are expressed in adaxial compared to abaxial petals implying that  IaTCP1  activates more genes than it represses. Amongst all genes upregulated in adaxial petals, a significantly enhanced proportion is associated with cell wall modification and cell-cell signalling processes. Furthermore, microarrays were used to detect and compare quantitative differences in TCP target genes in transgenic  Arabidopsis  plants ectopically expressing different TCP transcription factors.    Conclusions  The increased occurrences of genes implicated in cell wall modification and signalling implies that unequal petal growth is achieved through an earlier stop of the cell proliferation phase in the small, adaxial petals, followed by the onset of cell expansion. This process, which forms the monosymmetric corolla of  Iberis amara , is likely driven by the enhanced activity of  IaTCP1  in adaxial petals.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0285-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Differential transcriptome analysis reveals insight into monosymmetric corolla development of the crucifer Iberis amara