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Background  Cuticular wax production on plant surfaces confers a glaucous appearance and plays important roles in plant stress tolerance. Most common wheat cultivars, which are hexaploid, and most tetraploid wheat cultivars are glaucous; in contrast, a wild wheat progenitor,  Aegilops tauschii , can be glaucous or non-glaucous. A dominant non-glaucous allele,  Iw2 , resides on the short arm of chromosome 2D, which was inherited from  Ae. tauschii  through polyploidization.  Iw2  is one of the major causal genes related to variation in glaucousness among hexaploid wheat. Detailed genetic and phylogeographic knowledge of the  Iw2  locus in  Ae. tauschii  may provide important information and lead to a better understanding of the evolution of common wheat.    Results  Glaucous  Ae. tauschii  accessions were collected from a broad area ranging from Armenia to the southwestern coastal part of the Caspian Sea. Linkage analyses with five mapping populations showed that the glaucous versus non-glaucous difference was mainly controlled by the  Iw2  locus in  Ae. tauschii . Comparative genomic analysis of barley and  Ae. tauschii  was then used to develop molecular markers tightly linked with  Ae. tauschii Iw2 . Chromosomal synteny around the orthologous  Iw2  regions indicated that some chromosomal rearrangement had occurred during the genetic divergence leading to  Ae. tauschii , barley, and  Brachypodium . Genetic associations between specific  Iw2 -linked markers and respective glaucous phenotypes in  Ae. tauschii  indicated that at least two non-glaucous accessions might carry other glaucousness-determining loci outside of the  Iw2  locus.    Conclusion  Allelic differences at the  Iw2  locus were the main contributors to the phenotypic difference between the glaucous and non-glaucous accessions of  Ae. tauschii . Our results supported the previous assumption that the D-genome donor of common wheat could have been any  Ae. tauschii  variant that carried the recessive  iw2  allele.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0246-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc plant biology

The cuticular wax inhibitor locus Iw2 in wild diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii: phenotypic survey, genetic analysis, and implications for the evolution of common wheat