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Background  Hexaploid wheat is an important cereal crop that has been targeted to enhance grain micronutrient content including zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). In this direction, modulating the expression of plant transporters involved in Fe and Zn homeostasis has proven to be one of the promising approaches. The present work was undertaken to identify wheat zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) family of transporters. The wheat  ZIFL  genes were characterized for their transcriptional expression response during micronutrient fluctuations and exposure to multiple heavy metals.    Results  The genome-wide analyses resulted in identification of fifteen putative  TaZIFL -like genes, which were distributed only on Chromosome 3, 4 and 5. Wheat ZIFL proteins subjected to the phylogenetic analysis showed the uniform distribution along with rice,  Arabidopsis  and maize. In-silico analysis of the promoters of the wheat  ZIFL  genes demonstrated the presence of multiple metal binding sites including those which are involved in Fe and heavy metal homeostasis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of wheat  ZIFL  genes suggested the differential regulation of the transcripts in both roots and shoots under Zn surplus and also during Fe deficiency. Specifically, in roots,  TaZIFL2.3, TaZIFL4.1, TaZIFL4.2, TaZIFL5, TaZIFL6.1  and  TaZIFL6.2  were significantly up-regulated by both Zn and Fe. This suggested that ZIFL could possibly be regulated by both the nutrient stress in a tissue specific manner. When exposed to heavy metals,  TaZIFL4.2  and  TaZIFL7.1  show significant up-regulation, whereas  TaZIFL5  and  TaZIFL6.2  remained almost unaffected.    Conclusion  This is the first report for detailed analysis of wheat  ZIFL  genes. ZIFL genes also encode for transporter of mugineic acid (TOM) proteins, that are involved in the release of phytosiderophores to enhance Fe/Zn uptake. The detailed expression analysis suggests the varying expression patterns during development of wheat seedlings and also against abiotic/biotic stresses. Overall, this study will lay foundation to prioritize functional assessment of the candidate ZIFL as a putative TOM protein in wheat.

Overlapping transcriptional expression response of wheat zinc-induced facilitator-like transporters emphasize important role during Fe and Zn stress