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Background   Campylobacter jejuni  is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against  Campylobacter  infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of  C. jejuni  in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators.  Caenorhabditis elegans  is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of  C. elegans  to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to  C. jejuni  has been conducted to date.    Results  This study established a lifespan model of  C. elegans , enabling the preselection of LAB to counter  C. jejuni  infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to  C. elegans  against  C. jejuni . The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of  C. jejuni  in  C. elegans . The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of  C. elegans  was verified using mice and chickens infected with  C. jejuni.Conclusions  The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect  C. elegans  against  C. jejuni .  C. elegans  provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to  C. jejuni  on a large scale.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x.

bmc microbiology

Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice