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Background  Bifidobacteria are commensal microbes of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we aimed to identify the intestinal colonization mechanisms and key metabolic pathways implemented by  Bifidobacterium dentium .    Results   B. dentium  displayed acid resistance, with high viability over a pH range from 4 to 7; findings that correlated to the expression of Na+/H+ antiporters within the  B. dentium  genome.  B. dentium  was found to adhere to human MUC2+ mucus and harbor mucin-binding proteins. Using microbial phenotyping microarrays and fully-defined media, we demonstrated that in the absence of glucose,  B. dentium  could metabolize a variety of nutrient sources. Many of these nutrient sources were plant-based, suggesting that  B. dentium  can consume dietary substances. In contrast to other bifidobacteria,  B. dentium  was largely unable to grow on compounds found in human mucus; a finding that was supported by its glycosyl hydrolase (GH) profile. Of the proteins identified in  B. dentium  by proteomic analysis, a large cohort of proteins were associated with diverse metabolic pathways, indicating metabolic plasticity which supports colonization of the dynamic gastrointestinal environment.    Conclusions  Taken together, we conclude that  B. dentium  is well adapted for commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02166-6.

The metabolic profile of Bifidobacterium dentium reflects its status as a human gut commensal