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Background  This study illustrates for the first time the performance (sensitivity and selectivity) of the selective medium BCYEα +AB suggested by the new edition of ISO 11731 for legionella isolation and enumeration. We compared the efficacy of the selective BCYEα +AB medium with that of the highly selective MWY medium.    Results   Legionella  spp .  was detected in 48.2 and 47.1% of the samples by BCYEα +AB and MWY agar, respectively. For optimal detection of  Legionella  spp., most protocols recommend using selective media to reduce the number of non- Legionella  bacteria. Agreement between the two media was 86.7%.    Conclusions  According to the results, both media have a very similar performance and they both have advantages and disadvantages over each other. In AB medium there is the risk of being less selective so more interfering microbiota may grow but in MWY medium there is the risk of being too selective. The low selectivity of the AB medium could be resolved if other treatments are applied after filtration, e.g. acid and/or heat treatment, but it must be taken into account that these treatments still reduce the number of viable  Legionella . In conclusion, we recommend using MWY as a selective medium for the detection of  Legionella  spp. as it is easier discern suspected colonies and facilitate the final  Legionella  spp. count.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02109-1.

Comparison of BCYEα+AB agar and MWY agar for detection and enumeration of Legionella spp. in hospital water samples