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Background  Working in an underground tunnel environment is unavoidable in professions such as miners and tunnel workers, and there is a concern about the health of these workers. Few studies have addressed alterations in the intestinal microbiome of workers within that environment.    Results  Fecal samples were collected from the workers before they entered the tunnel (baseline status, BS) and after they left the tunnel (exposed status, ES), respectively (a time period of 3 weeks between them). We analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing to show the changes in microbial composition and self-evaluation of mental health questionnaire was also performed. The results showed that Shannon and Simpson indices decreased significantly from BS to ES. A higher abundance was found in the phylum  Actinobacteria , classes  Actinobacteria  and  Deltaproteobacteria , orders  Bifidobacteriales ,  Coriobacteriales , and  Desulfovibrionales , families  Bifidobacteriaceae ,  Peptostreptococcaceae ,  Coriobacteriaceae ,  Clostridiaceae_1 ,  Desulfovibrionaceae , Pseudomonadaceae, and Microbacteriaceae, and genera  Bifidobacterium ,  Romboutsia ,  Clostridium  sensu stricto, and  Leucobacter  in ES, while BS showed greater levels of genera  Faecalibacterium  and  Roseburia . The self-evaluation showed that at least one-half of the tunnel workers experienced one or more symptoms of mental distress (inattention, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, headache or dizziness, irritability) after working in the underground tunnel environment.    Conclusions  Collectively, the underground tunnel environment led to alterations in the intestinal microbiome, which might be relevant to symptoms of mental distress in underground-tunnel workers.

Alterations in the intestinal microbiome and mental health status of workers in an underground tunnel environment