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Background  Establishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations ( Juglans mandshurica  ×  Larix gmelinii ). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities of  Juglans mandshurica  to long-term mixed plantation management.    Results   Glomus  and  Paraglomus  were the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance of  Glomus  was higher in the mixed plantation.  Glomus ,  Diversispora  and  Paraglomus  accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances of  Diversispora  and an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes,  Paraglomus ,  Glomus  and  Acaulospora . The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil.    Conclusions  Mixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community of  Juglans mandshurica  roots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.

Long-term effects of mixed planting on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots and soils of Juglans mandshurica plantations