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Background   Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae  ( Xoo ) can cause destructive bacterial blight in rice. As an antibacterial, resveratrol may inhibit  Xoo  growth. This study focused on the potential structural-activity relationship of resveratrol and its derivatives against  Xoo  growth, and  1 H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis was applied to investigate the global metabolite changes in  Xoo  after resveratrol treatment.    Results  Resveratrol showed the strongest inhibitory effects on  Xoo  growth compared with its derivatives, which lacked double bonds (compounds  4 – 6 ) or hydroxyls were substituted with methoxyls (compounds  7 – 9 ). The IC 50  of resveratrol against  Xoo  growth was 11.67 ± 0.58 μg/mL. Results indicated that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on  Xoo  growth, and hydroxyls were vital for this inhibition. Interestingly, resveratrol also significantly inhibited  Xoo  flagellum growth. Based on  1 H-NMR global metabolic analysis, a total of 30  Xoo  metabolites were identified, the changes in the metabolic profile indicated that resveratrol could cause oxidative stress as well as disturb energy, purine, amino acid, and NAD +  metabolism in  Xoo , resulting in the observed inhibitory effects on growth.    Conclusions  This study showed that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on  Xoo  growth, and hydroxyls were also the important active groups. Resveratrol could cause oxidative stress of  Xoo  cells, and disturb the metabolism of energy, purine, amino acid and NAD +, thus inhibit  Xoo  growth.

Growth inhibition and metabolomic analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae treated with resveratrol