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Background  The aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii .    Results  Total 49 significantly different flora and 26 different metabolites were screened between two groups, and the correlation was calculated. Relative abudance of  Firmicutes  and  Bacteroidetes  were decreased, while relative abundance of  verrucomicrobla ,  proteobacteria  and  actinobacteria  was increased in breast cancer group. Differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, choline metabolism in cancer and arachidonic acid metabolism. Lipid upregulation was found in breast cancer patients, especially phosphorocholine. The abundance of  Faecalibacterium  was reduced in breast cancer patients, which was negatively correlated with various phosphorylcholines. Moreover,  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , the most well-known species in  Faecalibacterium  genus, could inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the phosphorylation of Janus kinases 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells.  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii  also suppressed the proliferation and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, while these effects disappeared after adding recombinant human IL-6.    Conclusions  Flora-metabolites combined with the flora-bacteria (such as  Faecalibacterium  combined with phosphorocholine) might a new detection method for breast cancer.  Faecalibacterium  may be helpful for prevention of breast cancer.  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii  suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

Alter between gut bacteria and blood metabolites and the anti-tumor effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer