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Background  Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus- Drosophila  model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria.    Results  We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain,  Diaporthe  FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of  Drosophila  upon infection. Using  Drosophila  as a model system,  Drosophila -associated  Lactobacillus plantarum  functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by  Diaporthe  FY. Our results show that  L. plantarum  hindered the growth of  Diaporthe  FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of  Diaporthe  FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of  Diaporthe  FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of  L. plantarum  overrode the avoidance of oviposition on  Diaporthe  FY-associated substrates.    Conclusions   Diaporthe  FY was identified as a potential  Drosophila  pathogen .  Commensal  L. plantarum  mitigated the susceptibility of  Drosophila  to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model