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Background  Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of  E. coli  O157:H7 for human infection; the ecology of the organism in sheep and goats is less understood. This study was carried out to determine prevalence, source of infection, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of  Escherichia coli  O157: H7 isolated from sheep and goat.    Methods  Systematic random sampling was carried out at Modjo export abattoir, Ethiopia, from November 2012 to April 2013 to collect 408 samples from 72 sheep and 32 goats. Samples collected were skin swabs, fecal samples, intestinal mucosal swabs and the inside and outside part of carcasses as well as carcass in contacts such as workers hands, knife, hook and carcass washing water. Then, samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Non-Sorbitol fermenting colonies were tested on latex agglutination test and the positives are subjected to PCR for detection of attaching and effacing genes ( eaeA)  and shiga toxin producing genes ( stx1  and  stx2 ). All  E. coli  O157:H7 isolates were checked for their susceptibility pattern towards 15 selected antibiotics.    Results   E. coli  O157:H7 were detected in only 20/408 samples (4.9%). Among these 20 positive samples, 70% (14/20), 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20) were from sheep, goats and knife samples, respectively. No significant associations were found between carcasses and the assumed sources of contaminations. Of all the 20 isolates virulence genes were found in 10 (50%) of them; 3 (15%) with only the  eaeA  gene and 7(35%) expressing  eaeA  and  stx2  genes. All the isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin (NOR) (100%).    Conclusions  The presence of virulence genes shows  E. coli  O157:H7 is a potential source of human infection in Ethiopia.

bmc microbiology

Escherichia coli O157:H7: distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia