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Background   Porphyromonas gingivalis  is considered a keystone pathogen responsible for chronic periodontitis. Although several virulence factors produced by this bacterium are quite well characterized, very little is known about regulatory mechanisms that allow different strains of  P. gingivalis  to efficiently survive in the hostile environment of the oral cavity, a typical habitat characterized by low iron and heme concentrations. The aim of this study was to characterize  P. gingivalis  Fur homolog (PgFur) in terms of its role in production of virulence factors in more (A7436) and less (ATCC 33277) virulent strains.    Results  Expression of a  pgfur  depends on the growth phase and iron/heme concentration. To better understand the role played by the PgFur protein in  P. gingivalis  virulence under low- and high-iron/heme conditions, a  pgfur -deficient ATCC 33277 strain (TO16) was constructed and its phenotype compared with that of a  pgfur  A7436-derived mutant strain (TO6). In contrast to the TO6 strain, the TO16 strain did not differ in the growth rate and hemolytic activity compared with the ATCC 33277 strain. However, both mutant strains were more sensitive to oxidative stress and they demonstrated changes in the production of lysine- (Kgp) and arginine-specific (Rgp) gingipains. In contrast to the wild-type strains, TO6 and TO16 mutant strains produced larger amounts of HmuY protein under high iron/heme conditions. We also demonstrated differences in production of glycoconjugates between the A7436 and ATCC 33277 strains and we found evidence that PgFur protein might regulate glycosylation process. Moreover, we revealed that PgFur protein plays a role in interactions with other periodontopathogens and is important for  P. gingivalis  infection of THP-1-derived macrophages and survival inside the cells. Deletion of the  pgfur  gene influences expression of many transcription factors, including two not yet characterized transcription factors from the Crp/Fnr family. We also observed lower expression of the CRISPR/Cas genes.    Conclusions  We show here for the first time that inactivation of the  pgfur  gene exerts a different influence on the phenotype of the A7436 and ATCC 33277 strains. Our findings further support the hypothesis that PgFur regulates expression of genes encoding surface virulence factors and/or genes involved in their maturation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1511-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc microbiology

PgFur participates differentially in expression of virulence factors in more virulent A7436 and less virulent ATCC 33277 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains