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Background  Ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables have become increasingly popular along with the trend of moving towards a healthy lifestyle. However, RTE vegetables are at a higher risk of containing pathogens, maybe owing to lack of rigorous sanitization procedures. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of  Listeria monocytogenes  in RTE vegetables, we investigated the contamination level and characteristics of  L. monocytogenes  isolated from fresh vegetables.    Results  Twenty-three (5.49%) of the 419 vegetables samples were positive for  L. monocytogenes . Phylogenetic group I.1 (1/2a-3a) and II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) strains were predominant in 30 isolates, which accounted for 33.3 and 50.0%, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing of the 30 isolates grouped them into nine sequence types (STs). The most common STs were ST87 (36.7%) and ST8 (26.7%). Virulence analysis showed that all 30 isolates harbored eight classical virulence genes, 10.0% isolates harbored the  llsX  gene (ST3 and ST1 strains), and 36.7% carried the  ptsA  gene and belonged to ST87. Approximately 83.3% isolates carried full-length  inlA , whereas five isolates had premature stop codons in  inlA , three of which belonged to ST9 and two to ST8. Antibiotic susceptibility showed the isolates were varyingly resistant to 13 antibiotics, 26.7% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant.    Conclusions  The fresh vegetables contain some potential hypervirulent  L. monocytogenes  (ST1 and ST87) in the Chinese markets. In addition, the high rate of  L. monocytogenes  isolates was multi-drug resistant. Fresh raw vegetables may be a possible transmission route for  L. monocytogenes  infection in consumers. Therefore, sanitization of raw fresh vegetables should be strengthened to ensure their microbiological safety when used as RTE vegetables.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1488-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genetic characteristics and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh vegetables in China