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Background   Trichosporon  is the dominant genus of epidermal fungi in giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) and causes local and deep infections. To provide the information needed for the diagnosis and treatment of trichosporosis in giant pandas, the sequence of ITS, D1/D2, and IGS1 loci in 29 isolates of  Trichosporon  spp. which were isolated from the body surface of giant pandas were combination to investigate interspecies identification and genotype. Morphological development was examined via slide culture. Additionally, mice were infected by skin inunction, intraperitoneal injection, and subcutaneous injection for evaluation of pathogenicity.    Results  The twenty-nine isolates of  Trichosporon  spp. were identified as 11 species, and  Trichosporon jirovecii  and  T. asteroides  were the commonest species. Four strains of  T. laibachii  and one strain of  T. moniliiforme  were found to be of novel genotypes, and  T. jirovecii  was identified to be genotype 1.  T. asteroides  had the same genotype which involved in disseminated trichosporosis. The morphological development processes of the  Trichosporon  spp. were clearly different, especially in the processes of single-spore development. Pathogenicity studies showed that 7 species damaged the liver and skin in mice, and their pathogenicity was stronger than other 4 species.  T. asteroides  had the strongest pathogenicity and might provoke invasive infection. The pathological characteristics of liver and skin infections caused by different  Trichosporon  spp. were similar.    Conclusions  Multiple species of  Trichosporon  were identified on the skin surface of giant panda, which varied in morphological development and pathogenicity. Combination of ITS, D1/D2, and IGS1 loci analysis, and morphological development process can effectively identify the genotype of  Trichosporon  spp.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1486-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Identification, genotyping, and pathogenicity of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)