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Background   Dickeya zeae  is the causal agent of maize and rice foot rot diseases, but recently it was also found to infect banana and cause severe losses in China. Strains from different sources showed significant diversity in nature, implying complicated evolution history and pathogenic mechanisms.    Results   D. zeae  strains were isolated from soft rot banana plants and ornamental monocotyledonous  Clivia miniata . Compared with  D. zeae  strain EC1 isolated from rice, clivia isolates did not show any antimicrobial activity, produced less extracellular enzymes, had a much narrow host ranges, but released higher amount of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). In contrast, the banana isolates in general produced more extracellular enzymes and EPS than strain EC1. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the banana  D. zeae  isolate MS2 produces a new antibiotic/phytotoxin(s), which differs from the zeamine toxins produced by rice pathogen  D. zeae  strain EC1 genetically and in its antimicrobial potency.    Conclusions  The findings from this study expanded the natural host range of  D. zeae  and highlighted the genetic and phenotypic divergence of  D. zeae  strains. Conclusions can be drawn from a series of tests that at least two types of  D. zeae  strains could cause the soft rot disease of banana, with one producing antimicrobial compound while the other producing none, and the  D. zeae  clivia strains could only infect monocot hosts.  D. zeae  strains isolated from different sources have diverse virulence characteristics.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1300-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dickeya zeae strains isolated from rice, banana and clivia rot plants show great virulence differentials