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Background  Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, protozoan parasites that cause sleeping sickness (or human African trypanosomosis) in humans and nagana (or animal African trypanosomosis) in livestock. In addition to trypanosomes, four symbiotic bacteria  Wigglesworthia glossinidia ,  Sodalis glossinidius, Wolbachia, Spiroplasma  and one pathogen, the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV), have been reported in different tsetse species. We evaluated the prevalence and coinfection dynamics between  Wolbachia , trypanosomes, and SGHV in four tsetse species ( Glossina palpalis gambiensis ,  G. tachinoides, G. morsitans submorsitans , and  G. medicorum ) that were collected between 2008 and 2015 from 46 geographical locations in West Africa, i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Guinea, and Senegal.    Results  The results indicated an overall low prevalence of SGHV and  Wolbachia  and a high prevalence of trypanosomes in the sampled wild tsetse populations. The prevalence of all three infections varied among tsetse species and sample origin. The highest trypanosome prevalence was found in  Glossina tachinoides  (61.1%) from Ghana and in  Glossina palpalis gambiensis  (43.7%) from Senegal. The trypanosome prevalence in the four species from Burkina Faso was lower, i.e. 39.6% in  Glossina medicorum,  18.08%; in  Glossina morsitans submorsitans,  16.8%; in  Glossina tachinoides  and 10.5% in  Glossina palpalis gambiensis . The trypanosome prevalence in  Glossina palpalis gambiensis  was lowest in Mali (6.9%) and Guinea (2.2%). The prevalence of SGHV and  Wolbachia  was very low irrespective of location or tsetse species with an average of 1.7% for SGHV and 1.0% for  Wolbachia . In some cases, mixed infections with different trypanosome species were detected. The highest prevalence of coinfection was  Trypanosoma vivax  and other  Trypanosoma  species  ( 9.5%) followed by coinfection of  T. congolense  with other trypanosomes (7.5%). The prevalence of coinfection of  T. vivax  and  T. congolense  was (1.0%) and no mixed infection of trypanosomes, SGHV and  Wolbachia  was detected.    Conclusion  The results indicated a high rate of trypanosome infection in tsetse wild populations in West African countries but lower infection rate of both  Wolbachia  and SGHV. Double or triple mixed trypanosome infections were found. In addition, mixed trypanosome and SGHV infections existed however no mixed infections of trypanosome and/or SGHV with  Wolbachia  were found.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1287-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of trypanosomes, salivary gland hypertrophy virus and Wolbachia in wild populations of tsetse flies from West Africa