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Background  Non typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the neglected zoonoses in most African countries. The use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics as animal growth promoter enhances the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with food animal reservoirs and may also results in antibiotics residue in animal products. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed is Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as probiotics. This study was carried out to determine the anti-salmonella activities and suitability of LAB isolated from cattle faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in cattle feed.    Method  The test  Salmonella enterica  spp strains and LAB were isolated from cattle faeces and identified by MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes respectively. The anti-salmonella activities of the isolated LAB in co-culture, cell-free supernatant, inhibition of growth by viable LAB cells and quantification of organic acids were determined by standard techniques. The ability of the LAB strains to withstand gastric conditions, antibiotic susceptibility and their haemolytic ability on blood agar were also determined.    Results  A total of 88 LAB belonging to 15 species were isolated and identified from cattle faeces. The most abundant species were  Streptococcus infantarius  (26),  Enterococcus hirae  (12),  Lactobacillus amylovorus  (10),  Lactobacillus mucosae  (10) and  Lactobacillus ingluviei  (9). Most of the LAB strains showed good anti-salmonella activities against the test  Salmonella enterica  spp. with 2  Lactobacillus  strains;  Lactobacillus amylovorus  C94 and  Lactobacillus salivarius  C86 exhibiting remarkable anti-salmonella activities with total inhibition of  Salmonella  spp after 18 hours of co-incubation. The selected strains were able to survive simultaneous growth at pH 3 and 7% bile concentration and are non hemolytic.    Conclusion  This study reports the vast diversity of culturable LAB in cattle faeces from Nigeria and their putative  in-vitro  antibacterial activity against  Salmonella enterica  spp isolated from cattle.  Lactobacillus amylovorus  C94 and  Lactobacillus salivarius  C86 demonstrated promising probiotic potentials  in-vitro  and will be further tested  in-vivo  in animal field trial.

Characterization and anti-salmonella activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cattle faeces