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Background  The sulfate-reducing bacterium  Desulfatiglans anilini  can grow with phenol as sole source of carbon and energy under strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing conditions. In the nitrate-reducing bacterium  Thauera aromatic a, the enzymes involved in phenol degradation have been well elucidated, whereas the anaerobic phenol degradation pathway by  D. anilini  was not studied in detail yet.    Results  The pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation by the sulfate-reducing bacterium  Desulfatiglans anilini  was studied by identification of genes coding for phenylphosphate synthase (encoded by  pps  genes) and phenylphosphate carboxylase (encoded by  ppc  genes) in the genome of  D. anilini , by analysis of the transcription and translation of  pps-ppc  genes, and by measurement of phenylphosphate synthase activity in cell-free extracts of phenol-grown cells. The majority of genes involved in phenol degradation were found to be organized in one gene cluster. The gene cluster contained genes  ppsα  (phenylphosphate synthase alpha subunit),  ppsβ  (phenylphosphate synthase beta subunit),  ppcβ  (phenylphosphate carboxylase beta subunit), as well as 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA ligase and 4-hydroxylbenzoyl-CoA reductase-encoding genes. The genes  ppsγ  (phenylphosphate synthase gamma subunit),  ppcα  (phenylphosphate carboxylase alpha subunit) and  ppcδ  (phenylphosphate carboxylase delta subunit) were located elsewhere in the genome of  D. anilini , and no obvious homologue of  ppcγ  (phenylphosphate carboxylase gamma subunit) was found in the genome. Induction of genes  pps  and  ppc  during growth on phenol was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Total proteome analysis revealed that the abundance of enzymes encoded by the gene cluster under study was much higher in phenol-grown cells than that in benzoate-grown cells. In in-vitro enzyme assays with cell-free extracts of phenol-grown cells, phenylphosphate was formed from phenol in the presence of ATP, Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , K +  as co-factors.    Conclusions  The genes coding for enzymes involved in the anaerobic phenol degradation pathway were identified in the sulfate-reducing bacterium  D. anilini.  The results indicate that the first steps of anaerobic phenol degradation in  D. anilini  are phosphorylation of phenol to phenylphosphate by phenylphosphate synthase and carboxylation of phenylphosphate by phenylphosphate carboxylase.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1238-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enzymes involved in the anaerobic degradation of phenol by the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatiglans anilini